Abstract: Back pain is relatively common in pediatric clinical practice and often exhibits benign and self-limiting characteristics.However, persistent back pain may be secondary to inflammation, infection, tumors, or congenital diseases, warranting sufficient attention.This article reported a case of childhood back pain primarily presenting as nocturnal scapular region pain, who was diagnosed as intraspinal cellular schwannoma via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and postoperative pathology.In this case, it is suggested that clinicians should pay attention to special clinical features of back pain in children, be vigilant for potential organic lesions, reasonably select imaging examinations, and enhance diagnostic accuracy through multidisciplinary collaboration, thereby enabling early intervention and favorable prognosis.