Abstract: Lemierre syndrome (LS) is characterized by the occurrence of sepsis after initial infectious symptoms (such as sore throat) and the subsequent development of multiple septic embolic events (such as internal jugular vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism). At present, there are no evidence-based medicine-based treatment guidelines for LS in clinical practice, and there is controversy over the application of anticoagulant therapy. This study used bibliometric methods to search multiple databases, analyzed of the current research status and diagnosis and treatment methods of LS abroad, and selected 12 cases of LS in mainland of China for systematic review and literature review. Although the current case-fatality rate of LS patients is relatively low, due to the difficulty in identifying the disease and the lack of clear diagnosis and treatment guidelines, clinicians still need to attach great importance to it.