Objective To analyze the predictive value of Doppler ultrasound parameters combined with serum mitofusin-2 and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia for fetal growth restriction.

Methods A total of 167 pregnant women with preeclampsia were selected as the study subjects and divided into fetal growth restriction group (n=63) and non-fetal growth restriction group (n=104). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of mitofusin-2 and Cav-1 in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to screen for influencing factors of fetal growth restriction. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive value of Doppler ultrasound parameters combined with serum mitofusin-2 and Cav-1 levels for fetal growth restriction.

Results The gestational age at delivery in the fetal growth restriction group was significantly shorter than that in the non-fetal growth restriction group (P < 0.05). The serum levels of mitofusin-2 and Cav-1 in the fetal growth restriction group were significantly lower than those in the non-fetal growth restriction group (P < 0.05). The Doppler ultrasound parameters umbilical artery peak systolic velocity/umbilical artery end-diastolic velocity (S/D), resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) in the fetal growth restriction group were significantly higher than those in the non-fetal growth restriction group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gestational age at delivery, as well as the levels of mitofusin-2 and Cav-1 were influencing factors for fetal growth restriction (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the combined prediction of fetal growth restriction using S/D, RI, PI, mitofusin-2 and Cav-1 was superior to that of each individual indicator.

Conclusion The AUC for predicting fetal growth restriction using Doppler ultrasound parameters combined with serum mitofusin-2 and Cav-1 levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia is 0.960, providing a clinically operable tool for early risk stratification of fetal growth restriction.