Objective To investigate the intervention effect of dynamic assessment combined with standardized nursing on postoperative oral mucositis and complications in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods A total of 137 patients who underwent head and neck cancer surgery were enrolled in control group. Due to loss to follow-up (3 cases before surgery and 4 cases after surgery), 130 cases were ultimately included. During the same period, 132 patients who underwent head and neck cancer surgery were enrolled in intervention group. Due to loss to follow-up (1 and 3 cases respectively before and after surgery), 128 cases were ultimately included. The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group implemented evidence-based protocol (standardized operation, dynamic assessment and multidisciplinary collaboration). The grades of oral mucositis, the incidence of complications and the length of hospital stay on the 1st, 4th and 7th days after surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results Compared with postoperative day 1, the improvement rates of grade 3 and grade 4 mucositis in the intervention group on postoperative day 4 were 82.2% and 72.5%, respectively. On postoperative day 7, the improvement rate of grade 3 mucositis in the intervention group was 72.5%, with sustained control of grade 3 mucositis. On postoperative days 4 and 7, the proportion of patients with grade 3 mucositis in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The length of hospital stay in the intervention group was shorter than that in the control group, and the incidence of complications was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion The dynamic assessment combined with standardized nursing procedures can systematically reduce the risk of postoperative oral complications in patients with head and neck cancer, providing a new paradigm for perioperative management.