Objective To investigate the detection efficacy of comprehensive and detailed observation protocol for gastroendoscopy in identifying superficial lesions of the gastric mucosa and early gastric cancer.

Methods A total of 1, 297 patients undergoing painless gastroscopy were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into study group (n=649) and control group (n=648). The study group underwent comprehensive and detailed gastroendoscopic observation, while the control group underwent routine standard gastroscopic procedures. The detection rates of superficial lesions of the gastric mucosa and early gastric cancer were compared between the two groups.

Results The detection rate of superficial lesions in the gastric fundus and body was higher in the study group than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The overall detection rate of superficial lesions throughout the entire stomach was 32.7% in the study group, which was higher than 17.6% in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). The detection rate of early gastric cancer was 0.62%(4/649) in the study group and 0.15%(1/648) in the control group, showing no statistically significant difference (P=0.374).

Conclusion The comprehensive and detailed observation protocol for gastroendoscopy is more meticulous than the routine standard observation protocol, and its unique procedural setup and observational techniques contribute to improved operational efficiency.