Objective To investigate the effects of perioperative care based on structure-process-outcome (SPO) model on perioperative hypothermia and stress response during anesthesia recovery in patients undergoing orthopedic general anesthesia surgery.

Methods A total of 130 patients undergoing orthopedic general anesthesia surgery were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into control group and observation group using a stratified block randomization method, with 65 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing model, while the observation group received perioperative care based on the SPO model in addition to the control group's nursing. The postoperative recovery-related indicators (recovery time, spontaneous breathing recovery time, and retentiontime in the anesthesia recovery room), core body temperature, circulatory functionheart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and physiological stress indicatorsnorepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), cortisol (Cor)were compared between the two groups immediately after surgery and 30 minutes postoperatively. The incidence of adverse events (nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, hypothermia) during anesthesia recovery was also compared between the two groups.

Results The observation group had shorter recovery time, spontaneous breathing recovery time, and retention time in the anesthesia recovery room, as well as a lower incidence of adverse events compared to the control group (P < 0.05). At 30 minutes postoperatively, the core body temperature of patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the physiological stress indicators in both groups were higher than those immediately after surgery (P < 0.05). At 30 minutes postoperatively, the HR, SBP, and DBP in both groups were higher than those immediately after surgery, and the circulatory function indicators and physiological stress indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion Perioperative care based on the SPO model can maintain the stability of core body temperature and circulatory function in patients undergoing orthopedic general anesthesia surgery, and reduce stress responses and anesthesia-related adverse reactions, thereby promoting the anesthesia recovery process.