Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum microRNA (miR)-501, miR-143, and cell cycle G1 to S phase transition protein 1 (GSPT1) mRNA for chemoradiation sensitivity in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cervical cancer.

Methods A total of 183 patients with HPV-infected cervical cancer were selected as study subjects. The expression levels of serum miR-501, GSPT1 mRNA, and miR-143 were detected. All patients received intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy. Based on chemoradiation sensitivity, they were divided into non-sensitive group and sensitive group. The general information and the expression levels of serum miR-501, GSPT1 mRNA, and miR-143 were compared between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations among variables. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of chemoradiation sensitivity in patients with HPV-infected cervical cancer. The value of miR-501, GSPT1 mRNA, and miR-143 separately and jointly predicting chemoradiation sensitivity in patients with HPV-infected cervical cancer was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC), and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. External validation was conducted to assess predictive efficacy of the combined detection.

Results There were significant differences in tumor diameter, tumor stage, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and HPV typing between the non-sensitive group and the sensitive group (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-501 and GSPT1 mRNA in the non-sensitive group were higher than those in the sensitive group, while the relative expression level of miR-143 in the non-sensitive group was lower than that in the sensitive group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Tumor diameter, tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and HPV typing were positively correlated with miR-501 and GSPT1 mRNA, respectively, and negatively correlated with miR-143 (P < 0.05). The degree of differentiation was negatively correlated with miR-501 and GSPT1 mRNA, respectively, and positively correlated with miR-143 (P < 0.05). The degree of differentiation, miR-143, HPV typing, GSPT1 mRNA, and miR-501 were all independent influencing factors for chemoradiation sensitivity in patients with HPV-infected cervical cancer (P < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that the value of the joint prediction of miR-501, GSPT1 mRNA, and miR-143 for chemoradiation sensitivity in patients with HPV-infected cervical cancer was higher than separate prediction. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that χ²=11.810 and P=0.158, indicating a good model fit. External validation showed a high consistency between the joint prediction results and the actual results, with a Kappa valueof 0.754.

Conclusion Serum miR-143, miR-501 and GSPT1 mRNA are influencing factors for chemoradiation sensitivity in patients with HPV-infected cervical cancer. The joint detection of these three markers has a good predictive value for chemoradiation sensitivity and can be used to formulate targeted treatment plans and promote favorable disease outcomes.