Objective To sort out the distribution characteristics of literature evidences on traditional Chinese medicine interventions for postoperative endometrial polyps (EPs), understand the current application status of traditional Chinese medicine in improving the postoperative status and preventing recurrence in patients with endometrial polyps, explore potential research directions, and summarize the deficiencies.

Methods Clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine treatment for EPs were searched in databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (WanFang), VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (CHICTR), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Clinical Trials. gov (CT. gov). The Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database was also supplemented for retrieval. The search period spanned from the establishment of each database to January 2025. The basic characteristics, outcome indicators, and methodological quality assessments of the included studies were presented in graphical form.

Results A total of 150 articles were included, comprising 4 systematic reviews/Meta-analyses, 146 clinical studies, and 0 expert consensuses or clinical pathways. The clinical studies were predominantly two-arm trials with sample sizes concentrated between 60 and 120 cases. Oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine decoctions was the primary intervention, with treatment durations mostly lasting 3 months. Outcome indicators mainly included clinical efficacy, recurrence rate, and menstrual conditions, among others. However, the evaluation criteria were inconsistent, and patients' quality of life was neglected. Randomized controlled trials exhibited biases in blinding implementation, randomization processes, and outcome reporting. Non-randomized controlled trials faced issues with imbalanced sample sizes between groups. Observational studies demonstrated biases in measuring exposure factors. Systematic reviews/Meta-analyses showed deficiencies in methodological and reporting quality.

Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates advantages in improving the postoperative status and preventing recurrence in patients with endometrial polyps. Subsequent research should enhance the quality of study design and implementation, adopt objective outcome indicators, standardize efficacy criteria for traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, and improve the evidence quality of evidence-based medicine research.