Abstract: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by continuous chronic inflammation and ulcer formation in the colonic mucosa. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple aspects such as cytokines, immune regulation, and pathological responses. Traditional treatment strategies include glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants (such as cyclosporine and azathioprine), and biologics. However, some patients respond poorly to existing therapies or develop secondary non-response, making it difficult to achieve clinical remission and mucosal healing. Vedolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the α4β7 integrin. By selectively inhibiting the migration of lymphocytes to the intestinal mucosa, it demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety in the treatment of UC. Glucocorticoids, as potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, can rapidly control acute inflammatory responses. In recent years, the potential role of the combined use of vedolizumab and glucocorticoids in the treatment of UC has garnered attention in clinical practice. This article systematically reviewed the mechanisms of action of vedolizumab and glucocorticoids, as well as the research progress in their combined treatment for UC, including the mechanisms of action of the two drugs, the clinical application effects of the combined therapy, safety evaluations, and possible therapeutic mechanisms.