多学科协作下妊娠晚期踝关节骨折围术期护理个案研究

A case study on perioperative nursing of ankle fracture in late pregnancy under multidisciplinary collaboration

  • 摘要: 妊娠期需手术干预的骨折临床少见, 而这类患者的治疗与护理具有特殊性, 需兼顾母体骨折修复与胎儿安全2个方面, 尤其是妊娠晚期患者, 围术期易发生早产、胎盘早剥、静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)及麻醉相关并发症。本文报道1例妊娠28周患者内外踝骨折伴踝关节半脱位, 总结了经多学科团队(MDT)协作的成功经验。护理方面, 通过实施个性化体位管理, 减轻下腔静脉压迫; 采用分阶段镇痛策略, 结合神经阻滞与对胎儿安全的药物; 持续电子胎心及宫缩监测, 保障术中胎儿稳定; 强化VTE预防, 联合间歇充气加压装置与低分子肝素; 并给予营养支持与心理疏导。术后未发生感染、血栓或胎儿窘迫等并发症。患者术后3个月踝关节Kofoed评分达88分, 功能恢复良好, 最终足月顺产一健康男婴, Apgar评分良好, 母婴平安。本案例表明, 精细化围术期护理联合多学科协作可有效降低风险, 改善妊娠期骨折患者的临床结局。

     

    Abstract: Fractures requiring surgical intervention during pregnancy is rarely seen in clinic, and these patients need special treatment and nursing, necessitating the consideration of both maternal fracture repair and fetal safety.For patients in late pregnancy, they have higher risk of complications, such as premature birth, placental abruption, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and anesthesia-related manifestations during the perioperative period.This article reported a case of a patient at 28 weeks of gestation with medial and lateral malleolar fractures accompanied by ankle joint subluxation and summarized the successful experience of collaboration by a multidisciplinary team (MDT).In terms of nursing, personalized body position management was implemented to relieve inferior vena cava compression; a phased analgesic strategy combining nerve block with drugs safe for the fetus was adopted; continuous electronic fetal heart rate and uterine contraction monitoring were carried out to ensure fetal stability during surgery; VTE prevention was strengthened by combining intermittent pneumatic compression devices with low-molecular-weight heparin; nutritional support and psychological counseling were provided.No complications such as infection, thrombosis, or fetal distress occurred after surgery.The Patient's ankle Kofoed score reached 88 points three months after surgery, indicating good functional recovery.Finally, the patient delivered a healthy male infant at full term, with a good Apgar score, and both the mother and the infant were safe.The case indicates that refined perioperative nursing combined with multidisciplinary collaboration can effectively reduce risks and improve the clinical outcomes of pregnant patients with fractures.

     

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