Objective To analyze the efficacy of camrelizumab combined with pemetrexed and carboplatin in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma and its impact on serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels.

Methods A total of 197 patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma admitted from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into chemotherapy-alone group (n=98, pemetrexed+carboplatin) and camrelizumab group (n=99, camrelizumab+pemetrexed+carboplatin) using a simple randomisation method. The efficacy, serum tumour-related factorscarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), immune function indicators CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, serum-related factors (IFN-γ, Gal-3), and safety were compared between the two groups.

Results The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the camrelizumab group were higher than those in the chemotherapy-alone group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The levels of CEA, CA125, and Gal-3 after treatment decreased in both groups, and their levels in the camrelizumab group were lower than those in the chemotherapy-alone group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, and IFN-γ increased in both groups, and the levels in the camrelizumab group were higher than those in the chemotherapy-alone group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of psychological, social, physical function, and material life increased in both groups, and their scores in the camrelizumab group were higher than those in the chemotherapy-alone group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions, rash, nausea, and vomiting between the camrelizumab group and the chemotherapy-alone group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion Camrelizumab combined with pemetrexed and carboplatin has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma. It can effectively reduce Gal-3 and tumour-related factors levels, increase IFN-γ levels and immune function, and does not increase adverse reactions.