Objective To systematically analyze the independent influencing factors of frailty in patients over 75 years old after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods A total of 278 patients over 75 years old who underwent PCI at Xijing Hospital from March to August 2024 were selected as the research subjects using the convenience sampling method. Social demographic data, disease-related data, laboratory and imaging examination indicators of the patients were collected. Comprehensive assessments were conducted from post-operation to before discharge using the Fried frailty phenotype, Katz index, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale, Charlson comorbidity index, Morse fall Assessment Scale, Mini-nutritional Assessment Short-form (MNA-SF), and simplified Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to screen the influencing factors of frailty.

Results According to the Fried frailty phenotype assessment results, therewere 145 cases with frailty(frailty group) and 133 cases without frailty(non-frailty group). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the frailty group and the non-frailty group in terms of age, gender, living alone status, hemoglobin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), IADL scale score, nutritional status, fall risk, and depression level (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (OR=1.167, 95%CI, 1.048 to 1.300), higher fall-risk (OR=1.597, 95%CI, 1.082 to 2.358), and higher depression level (OR=3.610, 95%CI, 1.710 to 7.623) were indenpendent risk factors for frailty, while a high IADL scale score (OR=0.575, 95%CI, 0.412 to 0.802) and good nutritional status (OR=0.399, 95%CI, 0.219 to 0.725) were indenpendent protective factors (P < 0.05).

Conclusion The occurrence of frailty in patients over 75 years old after PCI is influenced by multiple factors such as age, functional status, nutritional level, fall risk, and psychological status. Clinical attention should be paid to the long-term perioperative and post-discharge management of such patients, and multidimensional comprehensive interventions should be implemented to delay the progression of frailty.