Abstract: The poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment and immune escape mechanisms. As research into tumor biology advances, researchers have increasingly focused on the pivotal role played by the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) in the initiation and progression of GBM. The complexity of its regulatory network and its impact on the immune system offer new perspectives for investigation. OSMR is correlated with immune cell infiltration characteristics and immune checkpoint molecule expression in GBM by regulating key processes such as dendritic cell infiltration, tumor-associated macrophage polarization, and interactions with the H6PD-related metabolic axis, revealing its potential immune prognostic value. Additionally, this paper discussed the possible association between OSMR and the regulatory network of long non-coding RNAs, as well as its promising applications as prognostic biomarker and potential target for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This paper aimed to review the regulatory network of OSMR in GBM, explored its role in tumor biology and its impact on the immune system, and further analyzed its potential value in prognostic assessment.