Research progress on risk factors for acute kidney injury following left ventricular assist device implantation

Heart failure, as a severe consequence or late-stage manifestation of various cardiac conditions, is marked by high morbidity, high mortality, and high rates of readmission, significantly compromising patients′quality of life. Despite ongoing advancements in novel drugs and technologies that have improved the clinical efficacy of heart failure, 5% to 10% of patients still progress to end-stage heart failure annually. Heart transplantation stands as an effective approach to enhance both the quality of life and survival rates for patients with end-stage heart failure. However, due to the scarcity of donor organs, it falls short of meeting the needs of a large number of patients. In this scenario, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation emerges as a promising alternative therapeutic option for these patients. Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents one of the common complications encountered after LVAD implantation, with notable morbidity and mortality rates. This article synthesized relevant research findings and literature to investigate the risk factors associated with the development of AKI in patients following LVAD implantation.