Analysis of anxiety status and influencing factors in school-age children with recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Objective To explore the anxiety status and influencing factors in school-age children with recurrent Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).

Methods A total of 158 school-age children with recurrent HSP were selected as the study subjects. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was used to assess the anxiety status of the children. Based on the assessment results, the 158 children were divided into anxiety group and non-anxiety group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to screen for the influencing factors of anxiety occurrence. A logistic regression model was constructed, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the model′s goodness-of-fit.

Results Among the 158 children, 43 presented anxiety, with an anxiety incidence rate of 27.22%(43/158). There were significant differences between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups in terms of age, neurotic personality traits, purpura location, the number of purpura recurrences, family care level, educational level of the primary caregiver, monthly per capita household income, and whether the primary caregiver had anxiety or depression (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥10 years (OR=7.192, 95%CI, 2.450 to 21.114, P < 0.001), neurotic personality traits (OR=5.202, 95%CI, 1.486 to 18.208, P=0.010), purpura located on the face (OR=5.648, 95%CI, 1.606 to 19.861, P=0.007), the number of purpura recurrences ≥2 times (OR=5.017, 95%CI, 1.753 to 14.361, P=0.003), a general family care level (OR=3.809, 95%CI, 1.153 to 12.579, P=0.028), the primary caregiver having an educational level below junior high school (OR=3.005, 95%CI, 1.051 to 8.592, P=0.040), the primary caregiver having anxiety (OR=6.484, 95%CI, 2.140 to 19.647, P=0.001), and the primary caregiver having depression (OR=9.327, 95%CI, 2.473 to 35.172, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for anxiety occurrence in school-age children with recurrent HSP. A logistic regression prediction model was constructed based on the above risk factors and their regression coefficients. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test results indicated a good model fit (χ²=10.363, P=0.169).

Conclusion Age, neurotic personality traits, purpura location, the number of purpura recurrences, family care level, educational level of the primary caregiver, and whether the primary caregiver has anxiety or depression are influencing factors for anxiety occurrence in school-age children with recurrent HSP. Medical personnel should pay attention to children with high-risk factors for anxiety and formulate corresponding preventive measures based on the above factors to reduce the anxiety incidence rate in school-age children with recurrent HSP.