Mechanism innovation and therapeutic advances in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction

This article systematically reviewed the mechanisms and therapeutic breakthroughs of heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), with a particular focus on evaluating the cutting-edge advances in organoid models and gene therapy. HF is a common complication after AMI, significantly impacting patients' prognosis and quality of life. The pathogenesis of HF involves multi-pathway interactions, and various disease factors can exacerbate the progression of HF. Pharmacotherapy serves as the foundation, while device-based therapies such as cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) are also widely applied in clinical practice, offering more options for patients. For patients with end-stage HF, mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation bring new hope. The emergence of emerging technologies, including gene therapy, human heart organoids, and organoid-on-a-chip, holds promise for further improving the prognosis of patients with HF after AMI.