In evaluation of the physiological rotation of the tibia via the relationship between age and the rotational axis of the tibia in normal children
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摘要: 目的 绘制出6个月~15岁儿童正常胫骨旋转解剖轴线的发育曲线图,为诊断儿童胫骨旋转畸形提供理论依据.方法 随机抽取门诊体检的正常儿童345例,排除骨骼、肌肉及神经疾病和双侧下肢其他疾病引起的畸形,对每例儿童分别进行双侧下肢胫骨旋转轴线(包括内旋角度、外旋角度)角度测量,并根据年龄进行分组统计:第1组,6个月~2周岁82例,男47例,女35例,平均年龄(1.1±0.5)岁;第2组,25个月~4周岁66例,男32例,女34例,平均年龄(3.3±0.4)岁;第3组,5~12岁112例,男61例,女51例,平均年龄(9.1±0.6)岁;第4组,12~15周岁85例,男36例,女49例,平均年龄(12.9±0.8)岁.结果 初始大腿-足轴角从左侧(6±14.2)°、右侧(6±14.3)°,到15岁时的左侧(12±14.0)°、右侧(12±13.9)°,大腿-踝轴角从初始的左侧(6±17.1)°、右侧(6±17.4)°,到15岁时左侧(12±11.8)°、右侧(12±12.7)°,分别绘制出不同年龄段的正常胫骨旋转解剖轴线的发育曲线图.结论 儿童胫骨旋转解剖轴线具有随着年龄增加而发生变化的特点,不同的年龄段,标准差大于正常年龄儿童时,即可作为诊断胫骨旋转异常的依据;该曲线同时可作为临床进一步研究的基础.
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