Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between the mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)and KRAS genes and clinical pathological features in Uyghur pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)in Xinjiang.Methods The mutations of EGFR gene exons 18,19,20 and 21 as well as 7 sorts of hot somatic cells in KRAS gene codons 12 and 13 in 50 NSCLC tissues were detected by probe amplification refractory mutation system,and the cor-relation between the mutation of EGFR and KRAS genes and clinical pathological features in Uyghur patients was analyzed.Results Among 50 specimens,the total detection rate of EGFR was 12.0%,in which 4 belonged to deletion mutantion of exon 19,and 2 to L858R point mutation of exon 21.The total detection rate of KRAS was 10%,all of which belonged to Gly12Ala mutation on codon 12.No one simultaneously occurred EGFR and KRAS mutations.The detection rates of EGFR and KRAS genes in adenocarcinoma ,squamous carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were 2 7 .8 % ,3 .5 % ,0 % and2 2 .2 % ,3 .5 % ,0 % respectively .Themutation rateofEGFR in patients with adenocarcinoma (27.8%)was significantly higher than those without adenocarcino-ma (3.1%).There was significant difference of the KRAS gene mutation between patients with /without adenocarcinoma.The mutations of EGFR and KRAS genes in Uyghur patients were not related to the age,gender,smoking,TNM staging and ECOG score.Conclusion Compared with Chinese population,the mutation rate of EGFR in Uyghur patients with NSCLC is lower, but that of KRAS is higher,similar to the mutation of European Caucasian population.