Abstract: Objective To explore the related risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods The cognitive dysfunction in MHD patients was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),and the clinical parameters were com-pared between the non-cognitive dysfunction group and cognitive dysfunction group.Results A-mong 76 MHD patients,the number of patients with MoCA<26 was 47,and the rate of cognitive dysfunction was 61.84%.There were significant differences of the gender,age,years of education, Kt /v and the presence of diabetes,history of stroke between the two groups(P <0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that age,years of education and stroke history were considered as the in-dependent risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in MHD patients (P <0.05).Conclusion There is a high incidence rate of cognitive dysfunction in MHD patients,and the age,years of education and stroke history are the independent risk factors of cognitive dysfunction.