Abstract: Objective To observe and analyze the curative effect of the leukocyte elevating therapy on treatment of subitum children with agranulocytosis.Methods 60 subitum children with agranulocytosis were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with the conventional treatments,while the ob-servation group was treated with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)subcutaneous in-jection on the basis of the control group.At 2nd day,4th day,6th day,8th day,14th day of the duration,the classification and the counting of the peripheral blood samples of the children in the two groups were detected and compared.Results The proportion of the children with aplastic anemia in the observation group at 6th day was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05).The leukocyte and neutrophil countings in the peripheral blood of the children in the two groups at 4th day of the duration decreased significantly (P <0.05),the level at 6th day was significantly higher than those at 2nd day or 4th day (P <0.05).The levels restored to normal levels at 14th day of the duration.At 6th day or 8th day of the duration,the leukocyte and neu-trophil countings in the peripheral blood of the children in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Application of G-CSF in eleva-tion of the leukocyte can significantly improve the leukocyte and neutrophil levels in the peripheral blood of the patients with subitum,reduce the probability of aplastic anemia in the children,and help the children pass through the key course safely and smoothly.