Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of elderly hypertension with type 2 diabetes mellitus on cardiac autonomic nervous function and left ventricular structure and function.Methods The clinical data of 140 elderly outpatients with hypertension were retrospectively analyzed,and they were divided into diabetes group (n =38) and control group (n =102) according to situation of being complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.All patients underwent color Doppler echocardiography.The autonomic nerve functional indicators such as plasma neuropeptide Y (NPY),neurotensin (NT),left ventricular structure indicators such as left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd),left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD),interventricular septal thickness (IVST),left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT),left ventricular systolic function indicators such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),lefi ventricular shortening fraction (FS) and left ventricular diastolic function indicators such as mitral valve orifice diastolic early/late flow filling velocity (E/A)were observed and compared between the two groups when enrolled in the study.Results The plasma NPY level,LVEDd,LVESD,IVST,LVPWT and A level of diabetes group were significantly higher than that of control group when enrolled in the study (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) while the plasma NT level,left ventricular systolic function indexes such as LVEF,FS and part of the left ventricular diastolic function indexes such as E,E / A were significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Elderly hypertension combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater effect on cardiac autonomic nervous function,left ventricular structure and left ventricular function,so it needs great attention.