Abstract: Objective To analyze the effects of astragalus injection on the infection of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in induction remission chemotherapy.Methods A total of 100 ALL patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,50 cases in each gToup.Both groups were treated with induction remission chemotherapy,and the children in the observation group were treated with additional intravenous drip of astragalus injection.The incidence rate and the sites of the nosocomial infections during induction remission chemotherapy as well as the white blood cell (WBC) counting,the neutrophil (NE) counting in the peripheral blood before and after the chemotherapy were observed and compared in both groups.Results The overall incidence rate of infections in the observation group during the chemotherapy was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the incidence rates of infections of the children with various subtype of risk degree in the observation group during the chemotherapy were significantly lower than those of the children with the same subtype of risk degree in the control group (x2 =13.000,4.250,3.895,5.106,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of infections such as respiratory tract,urinary tract,skin and soft tissue during the chemotherapy in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (x2 =11.602,4.960,6.112,P ＜0.05).After the chemotherapy,the NE counting in peripheral blood of the patients with various subtype of risk degree in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the patients with same subtype of risk degree in the control group (t =5.265,3.795,4.286,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In ALL children with induction remission chemotherapy,the application of astragalus injection can alleviate the bone marrow suppression and reduce the incidence rate of infection.