Objective  To explore the risk factors of fever in early stage after pelvic osteotomy for developmental dislocation of hip in children.

  Methods  Clinical materials of 142 children with developmental dislocation of hip were analyzed retrospectively, and all the children were treated with Salter pelvic osteotomy plus hip joint open reduction plus femoral shortening rotary osteotomy. The children were divided into fever group (n=87) and non-fever group (n=55) according to the early fever after operation. The gender, age, duration of operation, body mass, anesthesia method, hemoglobin on the first day after operation, chest X-ray result on the first day after operation, white blood cell count on the first day after operation, procalcitonin level and C-reactive protein level on the first day after operation were compared between the two groups.

  Results  Univariate analysis showed that age, hemoglobin level and body mass were important influencing factors of early fever after pelvic osteotomy in children (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that post-operative hemoglobin ≤ 80 g/L was an independent risk factor of early fever after pelvic osteotomy in children.

  Conclusion  The risk factors of early fever after pelvic osteotomy for developmental dislocation of the hip in children are body mass ≤ 15 kg, age ≤ 3 years, and post-operative hemoglobin ≤ 80 g/L. Postoperative hemoglobin ≤ 80 g/L is an independent risk factor for early fever after pelvic osteotomy in children.