Objective  To investigate the value of allogeneic adipose stem cells combined with demineralized bone matrix in rabbit model of critical bone defect of radius.

  Methods  A total of 18 adult male rabbits were collected and treated with dissection of partial bone in the middle segment of the radial diaphysis of the upper limb, and the rabbit model of critical bone defect of radius of the bilateral upper limb was prepared. The 18 rabbits were randomly divided into control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2. The control group was not given any intervention, and the experimental group 1 was implanted with the demineralized bone matrix in the bone defect site, while the experimental group 2 was implanted with the allograft adipose stem cells and the decalcified bone matrix. The X-ray, pathological section and anatomical examination were performed at 8 and 12 weeks to clarify the repair effect of bone defect.

  Results  After repairing the bone defect, X-ray examination was performed on the radius at 8 and 12 weeks. The bone defect in the control group was poorly repaired. At 8 weeks, part of the bone defect was repaired in the experimental group 1, and most of the bone defect was repaired at 12 weeks, but there was still a small bone defect in a rabbit. At 8 weeks, most of the bone defect was repaired in the experimental group 2, and all of them were repaired at 12 weeks. At 8 and 12 weeks, the Lane-Sandhu histological scores of the experimental group 1 and group 2 were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the Lane-Sandhu histological score of the experimental group 2 was significantly higher than that of the experimental group 1 (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks, the bone defect area in the control group was mostly fibrous tissue, while in the experimental group 1, woven bone was formed, but bone trabecula was disordered. In the experimental group 2, plate osteogenesis was formed, and bone trabeculae were arranged tightly and orderly.

  Conclusion  Allogeneic adipose stem cells combined with demineralized bone matrix have a certain therapeutic value in the rabbit model of critical bone defect of radius.