Abstract: Objective To explore effect of retention enema by Shengjiang Powder in treating ventilator-associated pneumonia differentiated as phlegm-heat congesting in lungs on TCM syndrome scores, curative effect and related inflammatory factors. Methods A total of 62 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia differentiated as phlegm-heat congesting in lungs were divided into control group and treatment group according to random number table method. The control group was given conventional treatment method, and the treatment group was treated with retention enema by Shengjiang Powder Decoction of traditional Chinese medicine. The levels of procalcitonin(PCT), C reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-1β(IL-1 β), interleukin-2R(IL-2R), tumor necrosis factor- α(TNF- α), interleukin-8(IL-8), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10)as well as TCM syndrome scores and efficacy in the two groups were observed and compared. Results After treatment, CRP, PCT, IL-1 β, IL-2R, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 were lower than before treatment, and IL-10 was higher- than before treatment(P<0.05), and treatment group changed more significantly than that in the control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, the scores of TCM syndromes in the two groups were lower than before treatment(P< 0.05), and the treatment group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). The effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group( P< 0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in the treatment group. Conclusion Retention enema combined with western medicine can reduce the levels of RP, PCT, IL-1 β, IL-2R, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, increase the level of IL-10, reduce the TCM syndrome integral and improve the curative effect.