Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of microsurgery combined with neuroendoscopy in the treatment of cystic brain tumors. Methods A total of 78 patients with cystic brain tumor admitted to our hospital were divided into two groups according to the random number method. Thirty-nine patients in the control group were treated with microsurgery, and thirty-nine patients in the study group were treated with microsurgery combined with neuroendoscopy. Postoperative magnetic resonance(MR)and computed tomography(CT)examinations were performed in both groups to check the conditions of tumor resection, existence of cerebral ischemia and neurological dysfunction, as well as recurrence and death toll conditions. The duration of surgery and hospital stay were recorded in both groups. Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)scores in both groups were assessed at 4- and 8-week after surgery. Results The total resection rate of brain tumor in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in recurrence and mortality rates between the two groups(P>0.05). Surgery time and hospital stay in the study group were shorter, and postoperative GOS score of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). No patient with postoperative cerebral ischemia and neurological dysfunction was found. Conclusion Compared with microsurgery, microsurgery combined with neuroendoscopy for cystic brain tumors can improve the total tumor removal rate, and has better prognosis and higher clinical value.