Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of iodine-125(¹²⁵Ⅰ)radioparticle implantation therapy on quality of life in patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 92 patients with middle and advanced lung cancer were selected and randomly divided into observation group(n=46)and control group(n=46). The control group received chemotherapy of vinorelbine combined with cisplatin(NP plan), while the observation group received ¹²⁵Ⅰ radioparticle implantation on the basis of conventional treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, quality of life and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of cognitive function, social function, physical function, emotional function and role function in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The total incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in 1-year local control rate and 1-year survival rate between the two groups(P>0.05). The 2-year local control rate and 2-year survival rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The ¹²⁵Ⅰ radioparticle implantation therapy for patients with middle and advanced lung cancer can not only effectively control the development of local tumors, but also reduce the risk of adverse reactions and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.