Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of San'ao Decoction combined with external application of Sizi Powder in the treatment of children with chronic cough. Methods Totally 96 children with chronic cough were divided into control group and observation group according to admission order, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional therapy, and the observation group was treated with San'ao Decoction combined with external application of Sizi Powder. The clinical efficacy, duration of symptoms, levels of inflammatory factors before and after treatment and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05). The durations of excessive phlegm, pharyngeal itching, poor appetite, constipation and spontaneous sweating in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors before treatment showed no significant differences between two group(P>0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 and serum immunoglobulin E in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion San'ao Decoction combined with external application of Sizi Powder is effective and safe in the treatment of children with chronic cough, which can enhance therapeutic effect and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors.