Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of ureteroscopic lithotripsy on stress response and inflammatory indexes in patients with renal stone less than 2 cm. Methods Totally 78 patients with renal stone less than 2 cm were selected and randomly divided into control group(n=39)and observation group(n=39). The control group was treated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, and the observation group was treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The levels of stress response indexes and inflammatory response indexes were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of norepinephrine(NE)and epinephrine(E)after operation in both group were significantly lower than those before operation, and the indexes in observation group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). After operation, the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-10(IL-10)in both groups were significantly higher than those before operation, and these indexes in observation group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Ureteroscopic lithotripsy is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with renal stone less than 2 cm, which can alleviate the degree of stress response and control the levels of inflammatory factors.