Evaluation of Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool for risk of malnutrition of alcohol-dependent hospitalized patients
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摘要:目的 观察营养不良通用筛查工具（MUST）在新入院酒依赖患者营养不良风险评估中的适用性及预测效能。方法 采用便利抽样法选取临床心理科新入院的酒依赖患者作为研究对象，应用MUST进行入院评估，并根据MUST得分是否 < 1分将患者分为对照组（营养不良低风险）和观察组（营养风险中或高风险），收集2组患者的一般资料、首次检验血液指标及入院72 h内的临床表现，并分析之间的差异。结果 28例新入院酒依赖患者中，MUST得分≥1分者19例，占67.86%。2组在年龄、学历、民族、饮酒史、吸烟史、胃肠功能紊乱、首次检验血钾浓度方面比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；观察组肝功能指标、血清总蛋白异常率和入院72 h内戒断症状发生率均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 新入院酒依赖患者营养不良风险较高，MUST可较准确地预测患者肝功能、血总蛋白及72 h内戒断症状，作为患者新入院的评估工具使用可起到预警作用。Abstract:Objective To observe the adaptability of Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool(MUST) for risk of malnutrition of alcohol-dependent hospitalized patients, and verify its predictive efficacy.Methods Alcohol-dependent newly admitted patients in Clinical Psychology Ward were selected by convenience sampling method. MUST was used for admission assessment, and patients were divided into control group (low risk of malnutrition) and observation group (medium or high nutritional risk) according to whether the MUST score was below 1 or not. The general information of the patients in the two groups, blood indicators of the first test and clinical manifestations within 72 hours of admission were collected, and their differences were analyzed.Results In the 28 patients with alcohol dependence, there were 19 patients (67.86%) with MUST score ≥1. The differences showed no statistically significant between the two groups in age, education background, nationality, drinking history, smoking history, gastrointestinal dysfunction, blood potassium concentration in the first test(P>0.05). The indexes of liver function, the abnormal rate of serum total protein and incidence of withdrawal symptoms within 72 h after admission in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).Conclusion Alcohol-dependent newly admitted patients have high risk of malnutrition. MUST has a good accuracy in prediction of liver function, total blood protein and withdrawal symptoms within 72 hours. As an assessment tool for newly admitted patients, MUST plays a role in early warning.
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Keywords:
- alcohol /
- substance dependence /
- malnutrition /
- withdrawal symptoms
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表 1 2组患者一般资料比较(x±s)[n(%)]
指标 对照组(n=9) 观察组(n=19) 年龄/岁 45.89±11.23 42.74±8.87 学历 初中及以下 3(33.33) 4(21.05) 高中及中专 2(22.22) 5(26.32) 大专及本科 4(44.44) 10(52.63) 研究生及以上 0 0 民族 汉族 9(100.00) 15(78.95) 少数民族 0 4(21.05) 饮酒史/年 26.22±10.45 20.32±10.33 吸烟史 有 8(88.89) 13(68.42) 无 1(11.11) 6(31.58) 胃肠功能紊乱 有 3(33.33) 5(26.32) 无 6(66.67) 14(73.68) 
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表 2 2组患者入院首次检测血液指标情况比较[n(%)]
组别 n 血钾浓度 肝功能 血清总蛋白 正常 低下 正常 异常 正常 异常 对照组 9 9(100.00) 0 7(77.78) 2(22.22) 8(88.89) 1(11.11) 观察组 19 15(78.95) 4(21.05) 7(36.84)* 12(63.16)* 9(47.37)* 10(52.63)* 与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。
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