Abstract: Objective To explore the current situation of exercise rehabilitation in patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)and related factors. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate MHD patients. Results According to the survey results, 35.81% of hemodialysis patients said they had no knowledge about exercise rehabilitation. Among 95 cases with knowledge of exercise rehabilitation, 89.47% of the patients said they had knowledge of exercise rehabilitation obtained from education of medical staffs. In addition, 68.24% of patients said that they would like to participate in sports exercise, 78.38% of patients said they insisted on daily exercise, and only 42.57% of patients said they were willing to participate in group exercise arranged by hemodialysis center. According to the results of self-assessment scale for hemodialysis patients, 95.27% of patients believed that they conld gain at least one benefit from exercise rehabilitation, and 89.87% of patients said they had at least one kind of rehabilitation disorders. Hemodialysis patients believed that the top three benefits of exercise rehabilitation were improvements in quality of life, peripheral circulation and mood, while the top three factors of exercise disorders were fatigue, weakness and lack of professional guidance and training. The results of statistical analysis in objective influencing factors for willingness of exercise in patients showed that complications such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, renal osteopathy, hypertension and anemia had significant impact on the willingness to exercise rehabilitation(P<0.05). Conclusion The general exercise status in the MHD patient is not ideal, but the - willingness to exercise is high, and complication is a related influencing factor of participation in exercise. Therefore, we should strengthen the propaganda and popularization of health knowledge of exercise rehabilitation for patients so as to enhance the patients' active willingness to exercise, promote more hemodialysis patients to participate in the exercise, and improve their quality of life.