Abstract: Objective To compare effect of modified holmium laser enucleation of the prostate(HOLEP)and transurethral resection of the prostate(TURP)in the treatment of large volume(more than 80 mL)benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). Methods A total of 60 patients with large volume BPH were randomly divided into HOLEP group(n=28)and TURP group(n=32). The changes of related indicators preoperation and postoperation were compared. Results Compared with treatment before, the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS), Quality of Life Score(QOL), post-void residual(PVR)and maximum flow rate(Q_max)after operation were significantly improved in the two groups, and International Index of Erectile Function(IIFE-5)score in the HOLEP group was significantly improved(P<0.05), but no significant between-group differences were found in above indicators(P>0.05). The mass of excised tissue in the HOLEP group was(41.98±8.16)g, which was significantly more than(31.38±2.95)g of the TURP group(P<0.05). The amount of hemoglobin loss, indwelling catheter time, bladder irrigation time and the postoperative hospital stay were significantly better than those of the TURP group(P<0.05), but no difference in operative time in two group was found(P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the HOLEP group was 10.71%, which was significantly lower than 43.75% in the TURP group(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared - with TURP, HOLEP has the advantages of less bleeding, larger volume of excised tissue, shorter indwelling catheter and bladder irrigation time, and less postoperative complications, and it can better protect muscles that control urination from injury.