Abstract: The relation between autoimmune thyroid-related diseases and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene has attracted extensive clinical attention. In recent years, due to the development of HLA typing technology and the deepening understanding of the pathogenesis of this type of disease, several new disease-related regions and loci have been identified. In this paper, the relevant research progress was reviewed to further clarify the pathological process and mechanism of these diseases, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.