Abstract: As a common postoperative complication of lumbar diseases such as lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar spondylolisthesis, failed back surgery syndrome(FBSS) seriously affects the postoperative satisfaction of patients due to its difficulty in treatment and long course. At present, the treatment mainly involves comprehensive treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, individualized treatment and stepwise therapy. The difficulty lies in how to accurately select the indications and timing of revision surgery, minimizing the damage the spinal stability, and effectively improving the symptoms. In the future, there will be a trend towards precision, minimally invasive, individualized and multidisciplinary therapies. Combined with literature review, the authors summarized the background of FBSS and the status of diagnosis as well as treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, and looked forward to the future treatment direction, so as to provide certain reference for clinical treatment of this disease.