Abstract: This paper expounded the sources of oxidants, the mechanism of oxidative stress, the effect of oxidative stress on protease, and the systemic effects of oxidative stress, and then pointed out the importance of oxidative stress on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Besides, this paper introduced the treatment methods of oxidative stress, including gene therapy, antioxidant therapy, vitamin therapy, ambroxol hydrochloride treatment and other treatment methods. The pathogenesis of COPD is closely related to oxidative stress. Antioxidant treatment can improve the lung function and quality of life of COPD patients and their conditions can be significantly controlled.