Abstract: Objective To analyze the effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia on the cognitive function and circulatory function of elderly patients undergoing lower extremity fracture surgery. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with lower extremity fractures were divided into two groups, with 50 cases in each group The general anesthesia group was given general anesthesia, and the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The hemodynamics before and after anesthesia and the cognitive function of patients were compared between the two groups. Results The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)scores of the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia group at 12 and 24 hours after anesthesia were significantly higher than those in the general anesthesia group(P<0.05); the Confusion Assessment Method(CAM)scores of the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia group at T₄ and T₅ were significantly lower than those in the general anesthesia group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in average arterial pressure at T₂ and T₃ of the two groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences in heart rate at T₂ and T₃ in two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia reduce the damage to the central nervous function and avoid the cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients.