Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical effects of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy in the removal of mature ovarian teratoma in children. Methods The clinical data of 84 children with ovarian teratoma treated in our department were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into laparoscopic surgery group(n=42)and laparotomy group(n=42). Perioperative indicators, white blood cell(WBC)count, neutrophil ratio(NG)and postoperative complication rates of the two groups were compared. Results The operative blood loss in the laparoscopic surgery group was less than that in the laparotomy group, the postoperative hospital stay and time to first getting off bed were significantly shorter than those in the laparotomy group, the utilization rate of analgesics was significantly lower, and the hospitalization cost was significantly higher than those in the laparotomy group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in operation time between the two groups(P>0.05). Three days after surgery, WBC and NG levels in both groups were higher than those before surgery(P<0.05); however, their levels in the laparoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the laparotomy group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery has more advantages in removing mature ovarian teratoma in children compared with laparotomy, which can reduce the effect of surgery on immune function and stress response, and shorten the hospitalization time.