Abstract: Objective To explore the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), homocysteine(Hcy)as well as hypersensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels on retinopathy and kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their clinical significance. Methods A total of 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected in the study, including 28 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(group A), 19 patients with diabetic nephropathy(group B), and 24 patients with diabetic retinopathy( group C), 15 cases with diabetic retinopathy and kidney disease(group D), and 40 cases of healthy physical examination during the same period were selected as control group. The changes of Hcy, VEGF and hs-CRP levels in different groups were observed and compared. Results The levels of serum VEGF, Hcy as well as hs-CRP in groups A, B, C and D were significantly higher than those in the control group, and were significantly higher in the group D than those in groups A, B and C(P<0.05). There were 10 cases with proliferative retinopathy and 14 cases with non-proliferative retinopathy in group C, the levels of VEGF, Hcy and hs-CRP in the proliferative patients were significantly higher than those in the non-proliferative patients(P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum Hcy, VEGF and hs-CRP are significantly increased in diabetic retinopathy and kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, indicating that it is closely related to the development of the disease, and can be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and in judging the degree of retinopathy.