Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical effect of retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Methods Totally 120 patients with renal cell carcinoma were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with open radical nephrectomy, and the observation group was treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The surgical trauma and recovery speed, complications, cortisol, C-reactive protein and serum creatinine levels were compared between the two groups. Results The operation time, blood loss and recovery effect of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group(P<0.05). After 72 hours of treatment, the cortisol, C-reactive protein and serum creatinine levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 11.67%, which was significantly lower than 26.67% in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is effective in treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma, which can reduce the incidence of complications, and postoperative stress reaction is lighter, and the recovery of renal function is faster.