Abstract: Objective To explore the occurrence of secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT)and status of self-management behavior in maintenance hemodialysis patients with dialysis duration over 5 years. Methods Totally 76 maintenance hemodialysis patients with dialysis duration over 5 years were selected. The general demographic data and hemodialysis-related data were collected. The status of self-management behavior of patients was evaluated by Self-management Scale for Hemodialysis(SMSH). Results All the 76 patients were divided into non-SHPT group and SHPT group. There were significant differences in gender and dialysis duration between the two groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01), which indicated that the incidence of SHPT was higher with the extension of dialysis duration. There were significant differences in education level and monthly income between the non-SHPT group and the SHPT group(P<0.01). The scores of the four dimensions and total score of SMSH in the non-SHPT group were significantly higher than those in the SHPT group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Dialysis duration, education level, gender and monthly income are the main factors affecting the self-management behavior of hemodialysis patients. Medical staffs should carry out targeted health education to reduce the incidence of SHPT.