Abstract: Resident microbial communities exist in urinary tract of humanity. However, the relationship between the urological microbiome and the host as well as the basic biological principles have not been elucidated in clinical practice. A detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection(UTI)is the key to the clinical development of novel antimicrobial agents for the effective treatment of UTI. Through the study of metabolomics and gene expression, people began to understand the dynamic regulation of bacterial virulence throughout the infectious cycle, so as to accurately confirm the determinant factors of bacterial virulence. At present, some progress has been made in the study of human microbiome, and the review expected to provide references for the development of new UTI therapies, thus improving the quality of life of patients.