Abstract: Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is currently one of the leading causes of death in human, and its incidence rate is increasing year by year. Some patients were found to have end-stage renal failure with poor prognosis and high treatment cost. Therefore, it is very important to find new biomarkers in early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Exosome-derived microRNAs(miRNAs)can be used as sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment on prognosis of CKD as well as for the treatment of CKD. This paper reviewed the research progress of exosome miRNA in CKD in recent years. The action mechanism of different sources of exosome miRNAs on the occurrence and development of CKD and their roles in treatment were mainly discussed, so as to provide theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of CKD.