Characteristics and countermeasures of emergency critically ill patients at different stages of Coronavirus Disease 2019 epidemics
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摘要:目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情早期(应急处置阶段)和此后常态化防控期间地市级医院急诊危重患者的特征变化,并提出应对策略。方法 统计自江苏省扬州市启动疫情应急响应后1年内(2020年1月26日—2021年1月25日)和应急响应前同期(2019年1月26日—2020年1月25日)本院急诊抢救室危重患者抢救例次变化情况,并观察住院占比和死亡占比变化。分别对疫情发生前后不同阶段急诊危重患者疾病种类构成情况进行比较,分析可能的变化原因并拟定对策。结果 启动疫情应急响应后1年内本院急诊抢救室抢救危重患者15 002例次,应急响应前同期为15 139例次。启动疫情应急响应后1年内危重患者住院占比、死亡占比与应急响应前同期相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。疫情早期(2020年1月26日—3月26日)呼吸系统疾病、严重创伤和中毒占比低于上年同期(2019年1月26日—3月26日),而精神急症和未分类疾病占比高于上年同期,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。疫情常态化防控期(2020年3月27日—2021年1月25日)急诊抢救室呼吸系统疾病、中毒占比低于常态化防控前同期(2019年3月27日—2020年1月25日),未分类疾病占比高于常态化防控前同期,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 COVID-19疫情期间地市级医院急诊抢救室需将工作重点向危重症急救方向倾斜,建议加强对多系统疾病和疑难危重疾病的处置能力,而疫情早期临床尚需多关注精神急症患者。Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristic changes of critically ill patients in emergency department of municipal hospital during the early stage (emergency response stage) and regular prevention and control stages of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemics, and to propose the strategies.Methods The changes of number of critically ill patients in the emergency department of our hospital within 1 year since the initiation of emergency response to the epidemic (January 26, 2020 to January 25, 2021) was counted compared with the same period before the emergency response(January 26, 2019 to January 25, 2020) in Yangzhou City of Jiangsu Province. The proportion changes of hospitalizations and deaths were observed. The disease types of critically ill patients at different stages before and after the epidemic were compared to analyze possible causes and formulate countermeasures.Results The number of critically ill patients in the emergency room of our hospital within one year of the start of emergency response was 15 002, and was 15 139 in the same period of emergency response before. During the epidemic, there was no significant differences in the proportions of hospitalizations and deaths of critically ill patients compared with the same period of emergency response before (P>0.05). The proportion of critically ill patients with respiratory system diseases and poisoning in early stage of the epidemic(from January 26 to March 26, 2020) decreased, while the proportions of mental emergency and unclassified diseases increased compared with the same period of the previous year(January 26 to March 26, 2019)(P < 0.05). The proportions of respiratory diseases and poisoning in emergency rooms during the normal epidemic control period (March 27, 2020 to January 25, 2021) were lower than those before the normal epidemic control period (March 27, 2019 to January 25, 2020), and the proportions of unclassified diseases were higher than those before the normal epidemic control period(P < 0.05).Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, emergency rooms of prefecture-level hospitals should focus on the emergency treatment of critical diseases. It is suggested to strengthen the abilities to deal with multi-system diseases and difficult critical diseases, while more attention should be paid to patients with mental emergency in the early clinical stage of the epidemic.
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表 1 疫情早期与上年同期急诊危重患者各系统疾病情况比较[n(%)]
类别 上年同期(n=2 498) 疫情早期(n=2 067) χ2 P 神经系统疾病 527(21.10) 480(23.22) 2.849 0.091 心血管系统疾病 498(19.94) 461(22.30) 3.677 0.055 消化系统疾病 325(13.01) 306(14.80) 2.906 0.088 呼吸系统疾病 439(17.57) 209(10.11) 51.108 < 0.001 内分泌系统疾病 52(2.08) 54(2.61) 1.181 0.277 泌尿系统疾病 36(1.44) 45(2.18) 3.105 0.078 严重创伤 241(9.65) 155(7.50) 6.325 0.012 中毒 109(4.36) 60(2.90) 6.366 0.012 精神急症 17(0.68) 28(1.35) 4.598 0.032 呼吸、心跳骤停 50(2.00) 37(1.79) 0.169 0.681 未分类疾病 204(8.17) 232(11.22) 11.888 0.001 n为例次。上年同期: 2019年1月26日—3月26日; 疫情早期: 2020年1月26日—3月26日。 表 2 疫情常态化防控期与常态化防控前同期各系统疾病情况比较[n(%)]
类别 常态化防控前同期(n=12 641) 疫情常态化防控期(n=12 935) χ2 P 神经系统疾病 2 743(21.70) 2 889(22.33) 1.467 0.226 心血管系统疾病 2 461(19.47) 2 616(20.22) 2.248 0.134 消化系统疾病 1 794(14.19) 1 863(14.40) 0.215 0.643 呼吸系统疾病 1 922(15.20) 1 552(12.00) 55.71 < 0.001 内分泌系统疾病 286(2.26) 337(2.61) 3.020 0.082 泌尿系统疾病 215(1.70) 256(1.98) 2.588 0.108 严重创伤 1 443(11.42) 1 510(11.67) 0.393 0.531 中毒 655(5.18) 482(3.73) 31.530 < 0.001 精神急症 76(0.60) 93(0.72) 1.177 0.278 呼吸、心跳骤停 218(1.72) 240(1.86) 0.551 0.458 未分类疾病 828(6.55) 1 097(8.48) 33.965 < 0.001 n为例次。常态化防控前同期: 2019年3月27日—2020年1月25日; 疫情常态化防控期: 2020年3月27日—2021年1月25日。 -
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