Role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma
-
摘要:目的 探讨抑制精氨酸甲基转移酶5(PRMT5)基因表达对甲硫腺苷磷酸化酶(MTAP)缺陷型恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)细胞的联合杀伤作用。方法 将MPM细胞分为MTAP阳性组(REN、H28、MPP89)和MTAP缺陷组(H2591、2452、H2052), 以Hap-1 MTAP KO/WT为对照。采用PRMT5 siRNA、奎纳克林(0、0.5、1.0 μmol/L)处理2组细胞, 72 h后采用Western blot检测PRMT5蛋白表达水平及H4R3me2s甲基化蛋白水平。结晶紫染色法测定细胞克隆增殖能力。结果 PRMT5siRNA可下调MTAP阳性细胞株及MTAP缺陷细胞株PRMT5蛋白水平,引起MTAP缺陷型MPM细胞的H4R3me2s甲基化水平明显下降,而对MTAP阳性细胞的H4R3me2s甲基化水平无明显抑制。PRMT5siRNA抑制MTAP缺陷型细胞的克隆增殖能力,而对MTAP阳性细胞克隆无明显抑制作用,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023, n=3)。奎纳克林可下调MTAP缺陷型细胞系(H2591、H2052)中PRMT5蛋白质表达水平,引起H4R3me2s甲基化水平降低及细胞克隆增殖能力下降,而对MTAP阳性细胞系(MPP89)中PRMT5和H4R3me2s均无下调作用,对细胞增殖无抑制,差异有统计学意义(P=0.018, n=3)。结论 抑制PMRT5能联合杀伤MTAP缺陷型MPM, 奎纳克林对部分MTAP缺陷型MPM可产生联合杀伤作用。Abstract:Objective To explore the combined killing effect of inhibiting the expression of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) gene on methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficient malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells.Methods MPM cells were divided into MTAP positive group (REN, H28 and MPP89) and MTAP deficient group (H2591, 2452 and H2052), and the Hap-1 MTAP KO/WT were used as controls. PRMT5 siRNA and quinacrine (0, 0.5 and 1.0 μmol/L) were used to treat cells in two groups, and the expression levels of PRMT5 protein and H4R3me2s methylated protein were detected by Western blot after 72 hours. The ability of cell clone and proliferation was determined by crystal violet staining.Results PRMT5 siRNA was able to downregulate the PRMT5 protein levels of MTAP positive cell lines and MTAP deficient cell lines, resulting in a significant decrease in the H4R3me2s methylation level of MTAP deficient MPM cells, but had no significant inhibitory effects on the H4R3me2s methylation level of MTAP positive cells. PRMT5 siRNA was able to inhibit the clonal and proliferation ability of MTAP deficient cells, but had no significant inhibitory effect on the cloning of MTAP positive cells (P=0.023, n=3). Quinacrine was able to downregulate the expression level of PRMT5 protein in MTAP deficient cell lines (H2591 and H2052), reduce the methylation level of H4R3me2s and the ability of cell clone and proliferation, but had no down-regulation effect on PRMT5 and H4R3me2s in MTAP positive cell lines (MPP89)and no inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, and there were significant differences (P=0.018, n=3).Conclusion Inhibition of PMRT5 can kill MTAP deficient MPM in combination, and quinacrine can produce combined killing effect on some MTAP deficient MPM.
-
抑郁症具有高发病率、高复发率、高致残率的特点,是精神科自杀率最高的疾病[1]。目前抑郁症的治疗多采取药物治疗,但部分抑郁症患者使用2种及以上作用机制不同的抗抑郁药物的效果不显著。无抽搐电休克(MECT)可提高抑郁症的治疗效果,但会对患者认知功能产生影响[2]。重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)也是治疗抑郁症的非药物手段之一,并被证实可改善患者认知功能[3]。研究[4]显示,MECT联合rTMS或可提高抑郁症患者的整体疗效。本研究探究rTMS对MECT所致记忆损害抑郁症患者的影响,现报告如下。
1. 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2018年4月—2020年10月本院收治的80例抑郁症患者为研究对象。纳入标准: ①患者均符合《中国精神疾病诊断与分类》[5]中相关诊断标准; ②年龄18~60岁者; ③患者均自愿接受MECT、rTMS治疗,并签署知情同意书; ④未合并其他精神疾病者。排除标准: ①既往癫痫病史,或合并大脑器质性病变者; ②体内植入物者; ③药物或酒精滥用者; ④妊娠期或哺乳期女性; ⑤严重肝、肾、心等脏器严重损伤者; ⑥患者具有既往脑部手术史、创伤史。采用随机数字表法将80例患者分成2组,每组40例。对照组男23例,女17例,年龄18~57岁,平均(37.62±6.20)岁; 病程3周~37个月,平均(14.03±2.05)个月; 文化程度包括初中及小学18例,高中及中专16例,大专及以上6例。观察组男17例,女23例,年龄20~60岁,平均(38.11±6.25)岁; 病程4周~36个月,平均(13.81±2.13)个月; 文化程度包括初中及小学16例,高中及中专18例,大专及以上6例。2组患者年龄、文化程度等基线资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 具可比性。本研究严格遵守赫尔辛基宣言。
1.2 方法
所有患者治疗前4周停用抗抑郁、抗精神病、抗焦虑等药物,采用醒脉通Thymatron System Ⅳ多功能电休克治疗仪进行MECT治疗。首次治疗由精神科医师、麻醉科医师及陪床护士共同进行,常规禁饮、禁食并排空二便; 患者取仰卧位,四肢自然伸直,并在肩胛处垫高使头部过伸、脊柱前突,电极片连接患者头部两颞侧,诱导麻醉、注射肌松药,待患者腱反射消失后通电3~7 s, 频率30~70 Hz; 通电结束后做加压人工呼吸至患者恢复自主呼吸,转入监护区并观察患者生命体征,治疗选择在上午进行,且治疗间隔不超过2 d, 每7 d治疗3次,共治疗6~12次。
2组患者在此基础上采用MagProR30型经颅磁刺激器(MCF-B65型蝶形线圈)行rTMS治疗。选择在安静且舒适的环境中进行治疗,患者平躺并保持全身不动; 观察组采用真刺激,线圈正面放置于患者左背外侧前额叶皮质(DLPFC)并与头皮相切;对照组采用伪刺激,线圈背面放置于患者DLPFC并与头皮相切; 刺激强度为100%运动阈值(MT), 刺激频率10 Hz, 每次50个刺激串,间歇15 s, 重复50次,均在下午进行, 1次/d。所有患者治疗1个月。
1.3 观察指标
① 采用韦氏记忆量表(WMS)评价2组患者治疗前、治疗1 d、治疗1周、治疗2周、治疗1个月的记忆状况。本研究选择WMS量表的再认、图片、联想、背数等4个维度进行评分,评分越高表示相关维度记忆功能改善越好。②采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评价2组患者治疗前后的抑郁、焦虑水平。HAMD采用17项版本,总分≥17分为抑郁,且分值越高提示抑郁程度越严重; HAMA包括14个维度,以总分≥14分为焦虑,且分值越高提示焦虑程度越严重。③由专业精神科医师采用副反应量表(TESS)对2组患者治疗副作用进行评估, TESS包括抗胆碱能副作用、锥体外系反应及胃肠道副作用等。
1.4 统计学处理
采用统计软件SPSS 22.0处理数据,符合正态分布的计量资料采用(x±s)表示, WMS评分采用重复测量方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t分析,HAMD、HAMA组内比较采用配对样本t检验,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料行χ2检验。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2. 结果
2.1 2组患者WMS评分比较
2组患者再认、图片、联想、背数评分均在治疗1 d时下降,而后随着时间的延长而逐渐升高,治疗1个月时恢复至治疗前水平; 观察组患者治疗1 d、治疗1周时的再认、图片维度评分均高于对照组患者,治疗1 d、治疗1周、治疗2周时的联想、背数维度评分均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 1。
表 1 2组患者不同时点WMS评分比较(x±s)分 条目 组别 治疗前 治疗1 d 治疗1周 治疗2周 治疗1个月 再认 观察组(n=40) 9.03±2.14 8.15±1.51*◆ 8.60±1.55◆ 8.80±1.60# 8.85±1.72# 对照组(n=40) 9.10±2.19 6.45±1.20* 7.63±1.37*# 8.25±1.77*#△ 8.80±1.67#△ 图片 观察组(n=40) 7.00±1.15 6.30±1.09*◆ 6.73±1.11#◆ 7.00±1.13#◆ 7.05±1.20#△ 对照组(n=40) 7.05±1.26 5.00±0.72* 5.40±0.90*# 6.23±1.14*#△ 7.03±1.21#△▲ 联想 观察组(n=40) 8.58±1.58 6.65±1.22*◆ 7.28±1.18*#◆ 7.68±1.29*#△◆ 8.50±1.68#△▲ 对照组(n=40) 8.60±1.65 6.10±0.87* 6.20±0.99* 7.05±1.15*#△ 8.40±1.59#△▲ 背数 观察组(n=40) 8.48±1.54 7.18±1.30*◆ 7.73±1.38*#◆ 8.40±1.65#△◆ 8.35±1.61#△▲ 对照组(n=40) 8.50±1.59 6.05±0.96* 6.95±1.11*# 7.50±1.28*#△ 8.03±1.61#△▲ WMS:韦氏记忆量表。与治疗前比较, *P < 0.05;与治疗1 d比较, #P < 0.05;与治疗1周比较, △P < 0.05;与治疗2周比较, ▲P < 0.05;与对照组比较, ◆P < 0.05。 2.2 2组患者心理状态比较
2组患者治疗后HAMD、HAMA评分均低于治疗前,观察组患者治疗后HAMD、HAMA评分低于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 2。
表 2 2组患者治疗前后HAMD、HAMA评分比较(x±s)分 组别 HAMD HAMA 治疗前 治疗后 差值 治疗前 治疗后 差值 观察组(n=40) 29.90±5.55 9.20±2.49*# 20.70±5.28# 19.60±4.35 6.30±2.14*# 13.30±3.35# 对照组(n=40) 29.00±5.65 13.28±3.25* 15.73±3.82 19.15±4.45 9.17±2.86* 9.98±4.59 HAMD:汉密尔顿抑郁量表; HAMA:汉密尔顿焦虑量表。与治疗前比较, *P < 0.05;与对照组比较, #P < 0.05。 2.3 2组安全性比较
2组患者治疗期间均出现不良反应,其中观察组发生头痛、头晕2例,恶心、呕吐2例(1例合并头痛),兴奋躁动1例,不良反应发生率为10.0%;对照组发生头痛、头晕2例,其他反应1例,不良反应总发生率为7.5%。2组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
3. 讨论
研究[6-7]显示,抑郁症严重影响患者生活质量,严重者甚至有自杀倾向。药物联合各种形式的心理治疗有助于改善患者临床症状,但效果十分有限[8]。电休克(ECT)是通过电流刺激中枢神经系统,诱发大脑皮层细胞的广泛性自发放电,引发全身癫痫样大发作,从而控制精神症状。早期ECT治疗易导致患者发生骨折、牙齿松动脱落等不良反应,影响了ECT在临床上的应用。MECT是在ECT基础上采用的麻醉技术,降低了患者治疗过程中抽搐所引发的不良反应。相较于药物治疗, MECT具有起效快、疗效好等优势,可显著缩短抑郁症患者住院时间,降低住院率。本研究中,对照组治疗1个月后HAMD、HAMA评分均显著下降,提示MECT可改善抑郁症患者临床症状,与既往研究[9]结果一致。
国内外研究[2, 10-11]证实, MECT可显著改善抑郁症患者临床症状,但MECT也会导致患者认知功能障碍,尤其是对记忆力的损害。目前MECT导致记忆力损伤的具体机制尚不清楚,一般认为可能与长时程增强(LTP)饱和状态、氨基酸过度释放、乙酰胆碱活性下降及麻醉药物应用等相关。患者接受MECT治疗后诱导LTP饱和状态,但突触可塑性无法进一步提升以接受新的信息,从而导致记忆受损; MECT引发氨基酸过度释放,而氨基酸受体的过度刺激会导致钙离子、水分子释放,其导致的氧化应激反应将损伤海马神经元。抑郁症会导致患者认知功能障碍[12], 因此临床治疗更应减轻MECT所导致的记忆力损伤程度。本研究结果显示, 2组患者治疗1 d的WMS中再认、图片、联想、背数维度评分均显著下降,此后随着时间的延长,各维度评分逐渐恢复到治疗前水平,即MECT会对患者记忆力产生损害,但是这种损害是暂时的、可逆的。本研究结果还显示,观察组患者治疗1 d时也出现了记忆力受损,但与对照组相比,观察组再认、图片、联想、背数评分更高,且观察组记忆力更快恢复到治疗前水平,提示rTMS可改善MECT所致的记忆力受损。既往研究[13-15]显示, rTMS可提高突触可塑性(与LTP饱和状态所导致的记忆力受损相关)、升高乙酰胆碱水平、改善麻醉药物引发的认知功能障碍,而rTMS可能正是通过以上机制改善MECT所致的记忆力受损。此外, rTMS也可通过改变磁场产生的感应电流刺激特定脑区域而改善大脑皮层兴奋性、脑代谢及脑供血状况,发挥抗凋亡等作用[3, 16-17]。虽然rTMS治疗抑郁症的临床效果不如MECT, 但联合治疗可从多方面改善患者抑郁、焦虑状态。本研究观察组治疗后HAMD、HAMA评分及差值均显著低于对照组,提示联合治疗的效果更佳。
本研究尝试分析更有利于抑郁症患者的治疗策略,但临床收治的抑郁症患者情况复杂,首发与复发性抑郁症患者认知功能有所不同,焦虑或癫痫共病抑郁症患者治疗效果也有差异,本研究未对2种治疗方式在不同类型的抑郁症患者中进行分层研究,且未能结合血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像(BOLD-fMRI)研究2组患者脑功能情况,这有待于后续更为严谨的研究。
综上所述, rTMS联合MECT治疗抑郁症患者的效果更佳,较单纯MECT治疗能更有效改善患者记忆力损害情况和心理状态,并且不会增高不良事件的发生率。因此,对于可耐受MECT、rTMS治疗的抑郁症患者,或可尝试采取MECT联合rTMS的治疗策略。
-
-
[1] GUO Z, CARBONE M, ZHANG X, et al. Improving the Accuracy of Mesothelioma Diagnosis in China[J]. J Thorac Oncol, 2017, 12(4): 714-723. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.12.006
[2] HE J, CHEN W Q. Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report[M]. Beijing: Military Medical Science Press, 2012: 11-13.
[3] SCHERPEREEL A, ASTOUL P, BAAS P, et al. European Respiratory Society/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Task Force. Guidelines of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma[J]. Eur Respir J, 2010, 35(3): 479-495. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00063109
[4] KATYA M, MICHAEL J, CAMERON, et al. MTAP Deletions in Cancer Create Vulnerability to Targeting of the MAT2A/PRMT5/RIOK1 Axis[J]. Cell Reports, 2016, 15(3): 574-587. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.043
[5] BEDFORD M T. Arginine methylation at a glance[J]. J Cell Sci, 2007, 120(Pt24): 4243-4246. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/18057026
[6] KARKHANIS V, HU Y J, BAIOCCHI R A, et al. Versatility of PRMT5-induced methylation in growth control and development[J]. Trends Biochem Sci, 2011, 36: 633-641. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2011.09.001
[7] WANG L, PAL S, SIF S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 suppresses the transcription of the RB family of tumor suppressors in leukemia and lymphoma cells[J]. Mol Cell Biol, 2008, 28(20): 6262-6277. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00923-08
[8] PAL S, BAIOCCHI R A, BYRD J C, et al. Low levels of miR-92b/96 induce PRMT5 translation and H3R8/H4R3 methylation in mantle cell lymphoma[J]. EMBO J, 2007, 26(15): 3558-3569. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601794
[9] GU Z, GAO S, ZHANG F, et al. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 is essential for growth of lung cancer cells[J]. Biochem J, 2012, 446(2): 235-241. doi: 10.1042/BJ20120768
[10] ECKERT D, BIERMANN K, NETTERSHEIM D, et al. Expression of BLIMP1/PRMT5 and concurrent histone H2A/H4 arginine 3 dimethylation in fetal germ cells, CIS/IGCNU and germ cell tumors[J]. BMC Dev Biol, 2008, 8: 106. doi: 10.1186/1471-213X-8-106
[11] BAO X, ZHAO S, LIU T, et al. Overexpression of PRMT5 promotes tumor cell growth and is associated with poor disease prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer[J]. J Histochem Cytochem, 2013, 61(3): 206-217. doi: 10.1369/0022155413475452
[12] NICHOLAS C, YANG J, PETERS S B, et al. PRMT5 is upregulated in malignant and metastatic melanoma and regulates expression of MITF and p27(Kip1. ) [J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(9): e74710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074710
[13] KIM J M, SOHN H Y, YOON S Y, et al. Identification of gastric cancer-related genes using a cDNA microarray containing novel expressed sequence tags expressed in gastric cancer cells[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2005, 11(2 Pt 1): 473-482. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/15701830
[14] WEI T Y, JUAN C C, HISA J Y, et al. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 is a potential oncoprotein that upregulates G1 cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling cascade[J]. Cancer Sci, 2012, 103(9): 1640-1650. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02367.x
[15] UZDENSKY A, DEMYANENKO S, BIBOV M, et al. Expression of proteins involved in epigenetic regulation in human cutaneous melanoma and peritumoral skin[J]. Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(8): 8225-8233. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2098-3
[16] HAN X, LI R, ZHANG W, et al. Expression of PRMT5 correlates with malignant grade in gliomas and plays a pivotal role in tumor growth in vitro[J]. J Neurooncol, 2014, 118(1): 61-72. doi: 10.1007/s11060-014-1419-0
[17] 何伶靖, 邹成, 贺琴菊, 等. PRMT5在癌症中的研究进展[J]. 中国细胞生物学学报, 2021, 43(3): 662-674. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBZZ202103022.htm [18] ZHANG T, GUNTHER S, LOOSO M, et al. PRMT5 is a regulator of muscle stem cell expansion in adult mice[J]. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 7140. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8140
[19] SU C Y, CHANG Y C, CHAN Y C, et al. MTAP is an independent prognosis marker and the concordant loss of MTAP and p16 expression predicts short survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2014, 40(9): 1143-1150. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.04.017
[20] M′SOKA T J, NISHIOKA J, TAGA A, et al. Detection of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and p16 gene deletion in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by real-time quantitative PCR assay[J]. Leukemia, 2000, 14(5): 935-940. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401771
[21] WATANABE F, TAKAO M, INOUE K, et al. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency in non-small cell lung carcinoma[J]. Lung Cancer, 2009, 63(1): 39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.04.019
[22] SHARKEY A, MARTINSON L, QUESNE J L, et al. Inhibition of PRMT5 is Synthetic Lethal in Mesotheliomas Harboring MTAP Loss[J]. Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 2017, P3. 003-005. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/312415388_P303-005_Inhibition_of_PRMT5_is_Synthetic_Lethal_in_Mesotheliomas_Harboring_MTAP_Loss/download
[23] MAVRAKIS K J, MCDONALD E R, SCHLABACH M R. Disordered methionine metabolism in MTAP/CDKN2A-deleted cancers leads to dependence on PRMT5[J]. Science, 2016, 351(6278): 1208-1213. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5944
[24] KRYUKOV G V, WILSON F H, RUTH J R, et al. MTAP deletion confers enhanced dependency on the PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase in cancer cells[J]. Science, 2016, 351(6278): 1214-1218. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5214
[25] MULLER F L, COLLA S, AQUILANTI E, et al. Passenger deletions generate therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer[J]. Nature, 2012, 488(7411): 337-342. doi: 10.1038/nature11331
[26] ZHAO Q, RANK G, TAN Y, et al. PRMT5-mediated methylation of histone H4R3 recruits DNMT3A, coupling histone and DNA methylation in gene silencing[J]. Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2009, 16: 304-311. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.1568
[27] BURGOS E S, WILCZEK C, ONIKUBO T, et al. Histone H2A and H4 N-terminal tails are positioned by the MEP50 WD repeat protein for efficient methylation by the PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase[J]. J Biol Chem, 2015, 290(15): 9674-9689. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.636894
[28] STOPA N, KREBS J E, SHECHTER D. The PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase: many roles in development, cancer and beyond[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2015, 72(11): 2041-2059. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-1847-9
[29] BARBARINO M, CESARI D, BOTTARO M, et al. PRMT5 silencing selectively affects MTAP-deleted mesothelioma: In vitro evidence of a novel promising approach[J]. J Cell Mol Med, 2020, 24(10): 5565-5577. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.15213
[30] 詹康宁, 全旭, 黄张建, 等. 蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶5抑制剂研究进展[J]. 中国药科大学学报, 2021, 52(3): 371-378. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYD202103015.htm [31] TAYLOR S A, HOOTON N S, MACARTHUR A M. Quinacrine in the management of malignant pleural effusion[J]. Br J Surg, 1977, 64(1): 52-53. http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000033779618910_db8d.html
[32] LI X T, JU R J, LI X Y, et al. Multifunctional targeting daunorubicin plus quinacrine liposomes, modified by wheat germ agglutinin and tamoxifen, for treating brain glioma and glioma stem cells[J]. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(15): 6497-6511. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2267
[33] ABDULGHANI J, GOKARE P, GALLANT J N, et al. Sorafenib and Quinacrine Target Anti-Apoptotic Protein MCL1: A Poor Prognostic Marker in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) [J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2016, 22(24): 6192-6203. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2792
[34] HUANG C H, LEE Y C, CHEN Y J, et al. Quinacrine induces the apoptosis of human leukemia U937 cells through FOXP3/miR-183/β-TrCP/SP1 axis-mediated BAX upregulation[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2017, 334: 35-46. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.08.019
[35] SOLOMON V R, ALMNAYAN D, LEE H. Design, synthesis and characterization of novel quinacrine analogs that preferentially kill cancer over non-cancer cells through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax and Bad[J]. Eur J Med Chem, 2017, 137: 156-166. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.052
[36] DERMAWAN J K, GUROVA K, PINK J, et al. Quinacrine overcomes resistance to erlotinib by inhibiting FACT, NF-κB, and cell-cycle progression in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Mol Cancer Ther, 2014, 13(9): 2203-2214. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0013
[37] WANG W, GALLANT J N, KATZ S I, et al. Quinacrine sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL and chemotherapeutic agents[J]. Cancer Biol Ther, 2011, 12(3): 229-238. doi: 10.4161/cbt.12.3.17033
-
期刊类型引用(5)
1. 汤思,陈学杰. 直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性分型与输血疗效的相关性. 吉林医学. 2024(02): 295-297 . 百度学术
2. 杨占甲,李丽娟,宋银森. 多发性骨髓瘤患者红细胞输注效果的影响因素探讨. 中国实用医刊. 2024(13): 66-69 . 百度学术
3. 梁冬香,钟昌瑞,傅春花,邱启东. 直接抗人球蛋白试验凝集强度的结果分析及临床意义. 临床血液学杂志. 2024(12): 905-908 . 百度学术
4. 闻才李,张慧,杨吉岳,孙一心,程晓文. 直接抗人球蛋白试验阳性患者298例的病因回顾性分析. 医药论坛杂志. 2022(08): 72-74+78 . 百度学术
5. 胡泽斌,孙彬裕,孙晶,王布强,于婷. 抗人球蛋白检测卡行业标准的研究. 中国医药生物技术. 2022(05): 449-452 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(0)