Objective  To observe etiological characteristics of upper urinary tract stone infection and effect of immediate drainage after operation.

  Methods  The clinical data of 100 patients with upper urinary tract stone infections were retrospectively analyzed. The types of patients' pathogenic bacteria infection were investigated and drug sensitivity test was conducted for common bacteria. All patients received immediate drainage after surgery, and the therapeutic effect of immediate drainage was observed.

  Results  Among 100 patients with upper urinary tract calculi infection, 58.00% were Gram-negative bacteria infection, 31.00% were Gram-positive bacteria and 11.00% were fungal infection. The drug sensitivity test showed that Escherichia coli had high resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone and norfloxacin, and high sensitivity to cefoperazone, sulbactam and amikacin; Enterococcus faecalis was highly resistant to gentamicin, penicillin G and erythromycin, and highly sensitive to vancomycin, teicoplanin and ampicillin. At the same time, all patients successfully completed the operation, and there were no accidents such as septic shock and massive hemorrhage after drainage. The body temperature, leukocyte, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and interleukin-6 levels at each time (1, 2, 3 d) points after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion  Postoperative infections of upper urinary tract stones are predominantly infected by Gram-negative bacteria. Immediate drainage after surgery can control infection as soon as possible and reduce incidence of complications such as sepsis and septic shock.