Abstract: Exosomes are cup-shaped or spherical extracellular vesicles. Eukaryotic cells can secrete exosomes, which contain multiple substances such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), protein and lipid, and play important roles in physiological activities and pathological processes. This study reviewed research progress on the role of exosomes in tumors and the targeted therapeutic drugs.