Abstract: Sudden diabetes insipidus in perioperative period is characterized by a large amount of low specific gravity urine during the perioperative period, decreased blood volume and electrolyte disorder. At present, the clinical understanding of the influencing factors of perioperative sudden diabetes insipidus is not comprehensive, and many factors may increasing incidence risk affect renal function or the level of antidiuretic hormone through narcotic drugs, intraoperative operation, postoperative complications and genetic immunity thereby increasing incidence risk. The paper analyzed and summarized the influencing factors of perioperative sudden diabetes insipidus in combination with relevant literatures.