Analysis of differentially expressed genes and drug targets based on preoperative and postoperative muscle tissue of obese patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
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摘要:目的
分析Roux-en-Y胃旁路术(RYGB)对肥胖症患者肌肉组织基因表达的影响, 探讨肥胖症的潜在治疗靶点。
方法筛选GEO数据库,下载GSE161643数据集,获得RYGB术后肥胖症患者肌肉组织的差异表达基因,进行富集分析和免疫细胞浸润分析,构建靶点-化合物相互作用网络,筛选出关键靶点,并利用CMap数据库寻找可治疗肥胖症的潜在候选药物。
结果本研究共筛选出RYGB术后肌肉组织差异表达基因74个,其中上调基因30个、下调基因44个。基因集富集分析结果提示,GSE161643数据集富集于mRNA加工、RNA剪接、mRNA加工的调控、RNA剪接的调控等8个GO功能。京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析显示,GSE161643数据集富集于单纯疱疹病毒1型感染通路。RYGB术后,肌肉组织样本的基质成分评分、免疫成分评分与RYGB术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。靶点-化合物相互作用网络共筛选出10个关键靶点,分别为UBC、CDK1、ERBB2、CDK2、CHEK2、CDC25A、ERBB3、SHC1、CHEK1和BTRC。CMap数据库共筛选出共同作用于UBC、CDK1、ERBB2的小分子化合物9个,分别为氯吡格雷、BNTX、香豆素、左氧氟沙星、SID-26681509、依折麦布、异丁香酚、渥曼青霉素和PSB-06126。
结论与RYGB术前相比,肥胖症患者RYGB术后的肌肉组织基因表达存在显著差异,这些差异可能成为治疗肥胖症的潜在药物靶点。
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze effect of expression of muscle tissue of obese patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB), and to explore potential therapeutic targets for obesity.
MethodsThe dataset GSE16164 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, thereby obtaining differentially expressed genes in muscle tissue of obese patients after RYGB. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were performed to analyze biological functions and pathways. Enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration analysis were performed to construct target-compound interaction network, key targets were screened out, and potential drug candidates for obesity treatment were found out by using CMap database.
ResultsThere were 74 differentially expressed genes screened in the dataset GSE16164, including 30 up-regulated genes and 44 down-regulated genes. The gene enrichment analysis showed that dataset GSE16164 was mainly involved in 8 gene ontology functions, such as mRNA processing, RNA splicing, regulation of mRNA processing, regulation of RNA splicing, and so forth. KEGG pathway enrichment suggestedthat the dataset GSE161643 was enriched in pathway of herpes simplex virus 1 infection. There were no significant differences in the matrix component score and immune component score of muscle tissue samples after RYGB operation compared with that before RYGB (P>0.05). A total of 10 key targets were screened by target-compound interaction network, including UBC, CDK1, ERBB2, CDK2, CHEK2, CDC25A, ERBB3, SHC1, CHEK1 and BTRC. A total of 9 small molecular compounds targeted on UBC, CDK1, and ERBB2 were screened out in CMap database, which were clopidogrel, BNTX, cymarin, levofloxacin, SID-26681509, ezetimibe, isoeugenol, wortmannin, and PSB-06126.
ConclusionThere are significant differences in gene expressions of skeletal muscle tissue of obese patients with RYGB postoperatively compared with before RYGB operation. These differences maybe serve as potential pharmacological targets for the therapeutic agents of obesity.
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Keywords:
- obesity /
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass /
- muscle tissue /
- differentially expressed genes /
- bioinformatics /
- drug targets
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慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)属于慢性呼吸系统疾病, 以不完全可逆的气流受限为典型特点, 在受寒、感染、吸入有害烟雾颗粒时可急性发作, 导致呼吸系统症状恶化, 出现痰量增多、呼吸困难等症状。研究[2]发现, 引起COPD急性加重(AECOPD)的原因以感染为主, 选择合适的敏感抗生素有助于迅速控制感染, 改善呼吸系统症状。莫西沙星为喹诺酮类抗感染药, 常用于治疗呼吸系统感染性疾病, 具有较强杀菌作用, 可较好地缓解COPD临床症状, 从而提高患者的生活质量。本研究探讨莫西沙星对AECOPD患者氧化应激损伤、内皮功能障碍、炎症反应的影响, 现将结果报告如下。
1. 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取本院呼吸内科2018年6月—2019年9月收治的130例高龄AECOPD患者, 采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组, 每组65例。
研究组男40例, 女25例; 年龄70~86岁, 平均(78.6±4.9)岁; 病程3~15年, 平均(8.3±4.2)年, 吸烟26例; 合并症包括糖尿病19例, 冠心病9例, 高血压28例, 其他疾病4例。对照组男43例, 女22例, 年龄70~85岁, 平均(79.0±5.2)岁; 病程3~18年, 平均(8.6±3.9)年, 吸烟22例; 合并症包括糖尿病15例, 冠心病7例, 高血压33例, 其他疾病6例。2组患者年龄、性别、病程、吸烟情况、合并症比较, 差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。
纳入标准: ①符合中华医学会制订的《慢性阻塞性肺疾病基层诊疗指南(2018年)》[5]中的COPD标准者; ②病情加重者, 主要表现为咳痰、咳嗽、呼吸困难等; ③入院后经X线检查明确诊断者; ④ COPD病情严重程度为Ⅲ~Ⅳ级者。
排除标准: ①近6个月有脑卒中病史者; ②恶性肿瘤者; ③肝、肾功能障碍者; ④免疫系统疾病、结缔组织疾病者。本研究获得本院医学伦理委员会批准, 患者本人知情同意。
1.2 方法
对照组采用基础治疗联合头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的方案, 基础治疗包括吸氧、口服支气管扩张剂等; 静脉滴注头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(辉瑞制药有限公司)3 g, 每12 h给药1次。
研究组采用基础治疗联合莫西沙星的方案, 静脉滴注盐酸莫西沙星注射液(德国拜耳医药保健有限公司)0.4 g, 1次/d。2组均连续治疗7 d。
1.3 观察指标
治疗前及治疗第7天, 应用四川科达S-980A肺功能检测仪检测2组患者的肺功能指标, 包括第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、最大通气量(MVV)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比率(FEV1/FVC)。
治疗前及治疗第7天, 抽取患者空腹静脉血5 mL, 静置30 min后以3 000转/min离心15 min, 取上层血清标本保存于-80 ℃冰箱中待测。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)、内皮素(ET-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。检测仪器为美国伯腾公司ELX800多功能酶标仪, 试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。采用电化学发光法检测PCT水平, 仪器为山东博科生化免疫分析仪, 采用散射比浊法检测CRP水平。
1.4 统计学分析
采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件进行数据分析, 计量数据采用(x±s)表示, 组间比较采用t检验, 计数资料采用χ2检验, P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2. 结果
2.1 2组肺功能指标比较
治疗前, 2组FEV1%、MVV、FEV1/FVC水平比较, 差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05); 治疗后, 研究组FEV1%、MVV、FEV1/FVC水平均高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 1。
表 1 2组患者肺功能指标比较(x±s)组别 n FEV1%/% MVV/(L/min) FEV1/FVC/% 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 研究组 65 34.9±4.8 44.3±5.2* 54.2±5.6 78.0±9.0* 38.3±6.2 52.7±6.9* 对照组 65 35.6±5.0 40.5±5.5 56.1±5.3 73.5±8.6 39.1±5.8 47.5±7.4 FEV1%: 第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比; MVV: 最大通气量; FEV1/FVC: 第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量比率。
与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。2.2 2组抗氧化功能指标比较
治疗前, 2组SOD、MDA、GPx水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后,研究组SOD、GPx水平高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<00.05)。见表 2。
表 2 2组抗氧化功能指标比较(x±s)组别 n GPx/(U/g·Hb) SOD/(nU/mL) MDA/(mmol/L) 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 研究组 65 51.6±5.3 65.3±6.9* 65.3±7.3 79.2±8.4* 7.2±2.0 3.8±1.4* 对照组 65 53.0±5.9 61.0±7.2 63.6±8.4 73.0±8.8 6.8±2.4 4.8±1.8 GPx: 血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; MDA: 丙二醛。与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。 2.3 2组内皮功能指标比较
治疗前, 2组NO、ET-1水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05); 治疗后, 研究组NO水平高于对照组, ET-1水平低于对照组, 差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 3。
表 3 2组内皮功能指标比较(x±s)组别 n NO/(μmol/L) ET-1/(ng/mL) 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 研究组 65 82.6±11.6 114.0±18.0* 3.6±1.3 2.2±0.8* 对照组 65 85.0±13.2 102.7±16.5 3.8±1.6 2.6±0.9 NO: 一氧化氮; ET-1: 内皮素。与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。 2.4 2组炎症因子指标比较
治疗前, 2组血清sICAM-1、IL-8、TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05); 治疗后, 研究组血清sICAM-1、IL-8、TNF-α水平均低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 4。
表 4 2组炎症因子指标比较(x±s)组别 n sICAM-1(ng/mL) IL-8(ng/mL) TNF-α(ng/L) 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 研究组 65 180.6±35.2 89.4±11.7* 2.60±0.54 1.50±0.36* 36.9±6.8 22.4±4.8* 对照组 65 175.9±38.4 116.0±15.3 2.77±0.62 1.91±0.45 35.5±7.5 25.7±5.3 sICAM-1: 可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1; IL-8: 白细胞介素-8; TNF-α: 肿瘤坏死因子-α。与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。 2.5 2组血清PCT、CRP水平比较
治疗前, 2组血清PCT、CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05); 治疗后, 研究组血清PCT、CRP水平低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表 5。
表 5 2组血清PCT、CRP水平比较(x±s)组别 n CRP/(mg/L) PCT/(mg/L) 治疗前 治疗后 治疗前 治疗后 研究组 65 27.6±8.5 7.0±2.5* 4.7±1.2 1.2±0.3* 对照组 65 28.0±8.8 12.7±3.5 4.8±1.4 2.6±0.8 CRP: C反应蛋白; PCT: 降钙素原。与对照组比较, *P < 0.05。 3. 讨论
感染引起的气道炎症是COPD患者急性加重的重要原因之一, 积极的抗感染治疗有助于迅速控制AECOPD症状[6-7]。研究[8]发现, 引起COPD急性加重的致病菌以肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、卡他莫拉菌为主, 肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌也较为常见。头孢哌酮/舒巴坦是临床治疗AECOPD的常用抗生素, 但存在耐药现象, 影响了抗感染的效果[9]。
AECOPD可导致患者肺功能进行性减退, 引起呼吸困难、喘息加重等症状[11]。本研究中, 研究组治疗后FEV1%、MVV、FEV1/FVC等肺功能指标水平均高于对照组, 提示莫西沙星治疗高龄AECOPD患者的抗感染效果更好, 可缓解呼吸困难、喘息等症状。
MDA是人体脂质过氧化反应的副产物, 其血清水平可反映机体氧化应激损伤程度[12]。SOD、GPx是人体重要的过氧化物分解酶, 可保护细胞膜免受过氧化物损伤[13]。CRP是急性时相反应蛋白, 参与炎症反应的过程, 与AECOPD炎症程度密切相关。PCT是降钙素前体, 可反映全身炎症反应情况[14]。本研究中, 研究组SOD、GPx水平高于对照组, MDA、PCT、CRP低于对照组, 提示莫西沙星能减轻高龄AECOPD患者的氧化应激反应程度, 保护气道组织。
内皮功能障碍与炎症反应密切相关, 正常情况下NO、ET-1处于相对平衡状态。内皮细胞受损后, 具有舒张血管效应的NO水平下降, 而具有收缩血管效应的ET-1水平升高, 进而引起小血管痉挛而影响局部血供, 加重气道炎性损伤[15]。TNF-α是炎症反应的起始因子, 可促进sICAM-1、IL-8等黏附因子和促炎介质的释放, 进一步加重炎症反应[16]。本研究中, 研究组NO水平高于对照组, ET-1、sICAM-1、IL-8、TNF-α水平低于对照组, 提示莫西沙星能减轻高龄AECOPD患者内皮功能障碍和炎症反应程度。
综上所述, 莫西沙星在高龄AECOPD患者中的抗感染效果更好, 可减轻患者的炎症反应, 改善血管内皮损伤, 增强抗氧化功能。
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表 1 共同作用于UBC、CDK1、ERBB2的小分子化合物
序号 预测分数 名称 类型 靶点 1 98.33 氯吡格雷 嘌呤受体拮抗剂 P2RY12, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP3A5 2 96.30 BNTX 阿片类受体拮抗剂 OPRD1, OPRK1, OPRM1 3 94.36 香豆素 ATP酶抑制剂 ATP1A1 4 89.09 左氧氟沙星 细菌DNA回旋酶抑制剂 TOP2A 5 89.05 SID-26681509 胰蛋白酶抑制剂 CTSL 6 81.01 依泽米贝 NPC1L1蛋白拮抗剂 NPC1L1, ANPEP, SOAT1 7 81.00 异丁香酚 一氧化氮生成抑制剂 — 8 80.99 渥曼青霉素 PI3K抑制剂 PIK3CA, PIK3CG, PLK1, ATM, ATR, MTOR, PI4KA, PI4KB, PIK3CD, PIK3R1, PLK3, PRKDC 9 80.82 PSB-06126 NTPD酶抑制剂 ENTPD3 -
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