Abstract: With the development of micro-phacoemulsification technology in the Department of Ophthalmology, the accurate calculation of intraocular lens diopter is a concern of cataract patients and their surgeons. The reasons affecting the refractive error after cataract operation are the low accuracy of biometric data and the lack of suitable formula for calculating intraocular lens diopter; in addition, factors such as manufacturer, patient's gender, history of refractive surgery and different intraocular fillings may also affect postoperative refraction. This study summarized the factors affecting the accuracy of refractive error after cataract surgery, reviewed the development, advantages and disadvantages of intraocular lens calculation formulas, and provided thoughts for selecting the appropriate intraocular lens in clinical work.