Objective To investigate the clinical safety and effectiveness of upper rectal artery embolization in the treatment of grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ internal hemorrhoids.

Methods A total of 72 patients diagnosed with grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ internal hemorrhoids were selected as study objects. A random number table method was used to divide these patients into postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) group and embolization group, with 36 cases in each group. Embolization group was treated with upper rectal artery embolization, and PPH group was treated with PPH operation. Perioperative indicators, postoperative complications, clinical efficacy and postoperative anal symptoms were compared between the two groups, and the recurrence of internal hemorrhoids was observed.

Results The total effective rate of embolization group was higher than that of the PPH group (P < 0.05). The operative time, hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss and wound healing time of the embolization group showed statistically significant differences compared with those of the PPH group (P < 0.05). The score of postoperative symptoms and the total incidence of complications in the embolization group were lower than those in the PPH group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve combined with Log-rank test showed no statistical significance difference in recurrence 9 months after surgery was seen between the two groups (P=0.09).

Conclusion The upper rectal artery embolization has a good effect in the treatment of Ⅱ to Ⅳ degree of hemorrhoids mainly manifesting as bleeding, and has positive significance in improving the clinical efficiency, promoting the rapid recovery and improving the clinical adverse symptoms.